Climate variability and its effect on the cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Agriculture plays an active role in finding solutions to the problem of climate change, for this reason it is necessary to help minimize the impact of climate variability in coffee production in the Escambray in Villa Clara. Through the study of climatic variables on crop development, genotypes resistant to the dry season, yields and their components, we obtain results that guarantee continuity in coffee production and minimize damage in the region taking into account the impact that in the future have the climate. The preliminary study comprises a total of 20 coffee genotypes and covers the period 2007-2009, were analyzed in the same climatic, biological and production variables. The results show that there is a negative correlation of industrial performance with the maximum temperature, mean temperature, mean wind, relative humidity and pressure at station level. Positive correlation of the industrial performance with the minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, minimum and average are obtained. No correlation between the behavior of the climatic and biological variables. The highest industrial yield in genotypes 7, 19, 9 and 10 were obtained. Genotypes 2 and 17 grains provide more flat and the climate variable of greatest impact is the average temperature (Tm). The amount of cherries per tree has a maximum for genotype 7, followed by 9, 15, 19, 20 and 5, the average relative humidity (HRm) was the climate variable of highest incidence.