Advances in Wireless, Batteryless, Implantable Electronics for Real-Time, Continuous Physiological Monitoring

This article summarizes the recent advances in wireless, batteryless, implantable electronics for continuous physiological monitoring.The critical factors that affect the design of implantable electronics for biosensing are discussed.The recent progress of material research for developing various implantable devices is summarized.This article reviews various biomedical applications of implantable devices for human healthcare. This review summarizes recent progress in developing wireless, batteryless, fully implantable biomedical devices for real-time continuous physiological signal monitoring, focusing on advancing human health care. Design considerations, such as biological constraints, energy sourcing, and wireless communication, are discussed in achieving the desired performance of the devices and enhanced interface with human tissues. In addition, we review the recent achievements in materials used for developing implantable systems, emphasizing their importance in achieving multi-functionalities, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility. The wireless, batteryless devices offer minimally invasive device insertion to the body, enabling portable health monitoring and advanced disease diagnosis. Lastly, we summarize the most recent practical applications of advanced implantable devices for human health care, highlighting their potential for immediate commercialization and clinical uses.