The Bournemouth Questionnaire for Neck Pain: Cross-cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Turkish Version

Objective: The aim of this study was first to translate and culturally adapt the BQN, and then to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the BQN in Turkish individuals with chronic neck pain. Methods: The English version of the BQN was translated into Turkish with permission from its authors. That translation was assessed using 85 participants with a mean age of 46.75 years who had chronic neck pain. At the same time, the participants were assessed sociodemographically and with the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPAD). A test-retest procedure was performed with 62 participants who underwent a second assessment with the BQN within 24 hours of the first assessment, to test its reliability. Results: Internal consistency was strong and all Cronbach alpha values were between 0.97 and 0.99. The BQN showed high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient +/- 0.92) for all domains. The total mean ( standard deviation) scores for the 3 questionnaires were as follows: BQN, 30.9 (+/- 11.18); NPAD, 48.16 (+/- 12.93); NDI, 17.85 (+/- 6.29). The results of the Turkish version of the BQN illustrated adequate external construct validity and sensitivity. A Turkish translation of the test has not previously been available for chronic pain. Conclusion: The BQN was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. The reliability and validity were tested against the NPAD and the NDI. The Turkish version of the BQN is multidimensional, short, practical, and suitable for use with individuals with neck pain.