Metastases account for the great majority of cancer-associated deaths, yet this complex process remains the least understood aspect of cancer biology. As the body of research concerning metastasis continues to grow at a rapid rate, the biological programs that underlie the dissemination and metastatic outgrowth of cancer cells are beginning to come into view. In this review we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in metastasis, with a focus on carcinomas where the most is known, and we highlight the general principles of metastasis that have begun to emerge.
机构:
St Josephs Univ, Theol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
St Josephs Univ, Inst Jewish Catholic Relat, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USASt Josephs Univ, Theol, Philadelphia, PA 19131 USA
机构:
IRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, ItalyIRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy
Ottaiano, Alessandro
Circelli, Luisa
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Ctr Polidiagnost Strumentale Srl, AMES, Via Padre Carmine Fico 24, I-80013 Casalnuovo Di Napoli, ItalyIRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy
Circelli, Luisa
Santorsola, Mariachiara
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IRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, ItalyIRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy
Santorsola, Mariachiara
Caraglia, Michele
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Univ Campania L Vanvitelli, Dept Precis Med, Via L De Crecchio 7, I-80138 Naples, ItalyIRCCS G Pascale, Ist Nazl Tumori Napoli, Via M Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy