The application of minority carrier lifetime techniques in modern CZ silicon

The applications of minority carrier recombination lifetime measurement techniques to a variety of problems associated with the manufacture and use of modem CZ silicon are discussed. The uses of the ELYMAT and microwave photoconductive decay techniques applied to issues of transition metal contamination, ultra long carrier lifetimes, oxygen clustering and precipitation, intrinsic point defect reactions and gettering phenomena are considered. The uses and limitations of injection level control and surface recombination velocity measurement are also discussed.