The computational complexity of the k-minimum spanning tree problem in graded matrices

Given an undirected graph G = (V, E) where each edge e = (i, j) has a length d(ij) greater than or equal to 0, the k-minimum spanning tree problem, k-MST for short, is to find a tree T in G which spans at least k vertices and has minimum length l(T) = Sigma((i,j) is an element of T)d(ij). We investigate the computational complexity of the k-minimum spanning tree problem in complete graphs when the distance matrix D = (d(ij)) is graded, i.e., has increasing, respectively decreasing rows, or increasing, respectively, decreasing columns, or both. We exactly characterize polynomially solvable and NP-complete variants, and thus, establish a sharp borderline between easy and difficult cases of the k-MST problem on graded matrices. As a somewhat surprising result, we prove that the problem is polynomially solvable on graded matrices with decreasing rows, but NP-complete on graded matrices with increasing rows. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.