Iterative Reconstruction for Head CT: Effects on Radiation Dose and Image Quality

Background: Iterative reconstruction has been reported to reduce radiation dose in CT, while preserving and even improving image quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sinogram-affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) on radiation dose reduction and image quality for noncontrast adult head CT and to compare SAFIRE with conventional filtered back-projection (FBP) reconstruction. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective analysis of head CT scans reconstructed with SAFIRE and/or FBP for 107 patients. Radiation dose parameters were recorded from scanner-generated CT dose reports. Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNR, CNR) were calculated from gray and white matter (GM, WM) attenuation measurements. Image noise, artifacts, GM-WM differentiation, small structure visibility, and sharpness were graded by two readers. Statistical analysis included the independent-samples t test for quantitative data, the related samples Wilcoxon signed-rank test for qualitative data, the coefficient of repeatability for intraobserver variation, and kappa statistics for interobserver agreement. Results: Mean effective dose was significantly reduced with SAFIRE from 2.0 to 1.7 mSv (p <0.0001). SAFIRE also significantly improved GM SNR, WM SNR, and GM-WM CNR (p <0.0001). Significant reductions in image noise and posterior fossa artifact as well as improvements in GM-WM differentiation, small structure visibility, and sharpness were noted with SAFIRE (P <0.005). Conclusions: SAFIRE for noncontrast adult head CT reduces patient radiation dose by 15% for the settings employed at our institution, while significantly improving multiple quantitative and qualitative measures of image quality.