Stereotactic CT-Guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of Liver Tumors With the Use of High-Frequency Jet Ventilation: An Accuracy and Procedural Safety Study

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy and safety of antenna placement performed with the use of a CT-guided stereotactic navigation system for percutaneous ablation of liver tumors and to assess the safety of high-frequency jet ventilation for target motion control. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty consecutive patients with malignant liver lesions for which surgical resection was contraindicated or that were not readily visible on ultrasound or not accessible by ultrasound guidance were included in the study. Patients were treated with percutaneous microwave ablation performed using a CT-guided stereotactic navigation system. High-frequency jet ventilation was used to reduce liver motion during all interventions. The accuracy of antenna placement, the number of needle readjustments required, overall safety, and the radiation doses were assessed. RESULTS. Microwave ablation was completed for 20 patients (28 lesions). Performance data could be evaluated for 17 patients with 25 lesions (mean [+/- SD] lesion diameter, 14.9 +/- 5.9 mm; mean lesion location depth, 87.5 +/- 27.3 mm). The antennae were placed with a mean lateral error of 4.0 +/- 2.5 mm, a depth error of 3.4 +/- 3.2 mm, and a total error of 5.8 +/- 3.2 mm in relation to the intended target. The median number of antenna readjustments required was zero (range, 0-1 adjustment). No major complications were related to either the procedure or the use of high-frequency jet ventilation. The mean total patient radiation dose was 957.5 +/- 556.5 mGy x cm, but medical personnel were not exposed to irradiation. CONCLUSION. Percutaneous microwave ablation performed with CT-guided stereotactic navigation provides sufficient accuracy and requires almost no repositioning of the -needle. Therefore, it is technically feasible and applicable for safe treatments.