Impact of annealing induced structural relaxation on the electrical properties and the crystallization kinetics of amorphous GeTe films

The electrical properties of amorphous GeTe films deposited at room temperature, ion implanted, and melt-quenched have been studied. The activation energy for the mobility gap varies from 0.64, in the melt-quenched, to 0.74 eV, in the as deposited film. In all the types of amorphous, pre-annealing at temperatures below crystallization induces relaxation, increasing the resistance and the mobility gap. Pre-annealing also reduces the nucleation rate for crystallization by a factor up to 4. A model is proposed, describing the competing processes of structural relaxation and crystallization, as governed by a population of sub-critical nuclei formed by medium range ordered regions. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.