Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep. Rhizomes

Stahlianthus thorelii Gagnep., traditionally used for treating various ailments, is a promising source of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the ethyl acetate extract of S. thorelii rhizomes for its phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and inhibitory effects on key enzymes related to diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The extract contained significant levels of phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, catechin, and quercetin, and its major volatile components included beta-patchoulene, (E)-nerolidyl isobutyrate, and aristolene. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 86.9 mu g/mL) and enzyme inhibition, including acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 246.4 mu g/mL) and alpha-amylase (IC50 = 789.8 mu g/ mL). These findings highlight the potential of S. thorelii as a natural source for developing therapeutics targeting neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, warranting further investigation into its pharmacological applications.