Significance and feasibility of air kerma length product and air kerma area product comparisons

Air kerma length product and air kerma area product are special quantities used in diagnostic radiology. They are measured using special measurement devices - CT-chambers and KAP-meters, in order to calculate quantities related to patient exposure. Appropriate calibration of all measurement devices is of vital importance, and comparisons between calibration laboratories are necessary to prove competence. It is usually considered adequate to participate in air kerma comparisons to prove capabilities for special quantities, but the literature shows that some problems in calibration procedure can remain unknown. The comparisons directly in terms of special quantities provide additional burden to laboratories, and require special transfer instruments, but they allow checking the whole calibration procedures. This paper describes a comparison between two calibration laboratories in terms of both air kerma length product and air kerma area product. Both laboratories achieved good results for all radiation qualities, considering the measurement uncertainty. Transfer instruments' linearity, field size dependence and energy dependence were investigated. Even though the metrological properties of the transfer instruments are worse than the ionization chambers, they can be taken into account by introducing additional measurement uncertainty, performing appropriate corrections or choosing calibration points for the comparison for the values of influence quantities where the transfer instrument response is relatively flat. These comparisons provide additional value to calibration laboratories, but there are still several challenges related to their organization and execution.