The Training of Specialists in Rehabilitation Work as A Factor in Improving the Quality of Life of Children with Disabilities

Radical transformations taking place in all spheres of Russian society cause the ambiguity, complexity and inconsistency of the processes of socialization and resocialization of socially unprotected strata of the population. This situation is especially difficult for a social group of disabled people and, in particular, for people with motor disabilities who, due to their limited capabilities, specific socio-psychological characteristics and attitudes towards them in society, are insufficiently prepared for the current realities of the society. In recent years, scientific attention to the problems of children's disability has significantly increased, which is due to the following circumstances: first, the increase in the proportion of children with disabilities and the emergence of a new social group - children with disabilities; Secondly, the social problem of maximizing the potential of children with physical disabilities is actualized against the background of a decline in the total fertility rate. Until recently, in our country, the problems of the family of a child with mental or physical defects were practically not covered. State policy towards a child with developmental disabilities and his family was characterized by the following tendency: rejection of an unhealthy member of society as an inadequate, unnecessary to the family, neither to society, nor to the state; isolation of a person from the family, society (parents, as a rule, were offered to place their child in a closed specialized institution). Thus, the problematic situation is that on the one hand, the socialization of a child with disabilities is a socially significant problem; on the other hand, the main institution of socialization, the family, does not fully fulfill this function due to a number of objective and subjective reasons. If an ordinary child can get the necessary skills of living in society in other institutions, then for a child with limited health, the family institution becomes often the only source of knowledge about the world and the people who inhabit it. It is on the members of the family that the main share of responsibility lies in the development of the personality of the child who has certain health problems. In general, a review of literature, periodicals and dissertational studies shows that over the past few years the emphasis in the study of problems of children with disabilities has shifted from an in-depth study of the more medical aspects to the analysis of the developmental problem of a disabled child as an individual. It should be noted that the social situations presented in the scientific literature and social relations among disabled people are predominantly descriptive, recording, not analytical. Much attention in the scientific work of Russian researchers is devoted to the rehabilitation of disabled children, in the study of families with children with disabilities. However, researchers, as a rule, consider the rehabilitation processes of disabled children separately from socialization.