Studies were carried out on the efficiency of hybridase cleavage of RNA in perfect and imperfect hybrid duplexes consisting of three 'components: 1) individual RNA or polyribonucleotides; 2) synthetic complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides; 3) Escherichia coli RNase H. In most experiments, the RNA was hydrolyzed predominantly in perfect hybrid duplexes formed from the RNA target and the complementary oligonucleotide probes. A number of imperfect hybrid duplexes containing a central pair of noncomplementary bases were found in which efficient hybridase cleavage of RNA also occurred.