Problem-based learning: A Review

Problem-based learning (PBL) uses patient problems as a context for students to learn problem-solving skills and acquire knowledge about basic and clinical sciences. PBL is based on the principles of adult learning. PBL takes place in small groups and learning depends on the effectiveness of the small group process. There is lack of agreement on what constitutes PBL. PBL is active, adult-oriented, problem-centred, student centred, collaborative, integrated and interdisciplinary and it operates in a clinical context. There are a number of advantages of PBL. However, PBL is demanding in terms of time, teaching materials and physical resources. A PBL facilitator should be comfortable with relinquishing authority and exerting indirect control. According to some authors, Asian cultures have an authoritarian student-teacher relationship. There is a high degree of acceptance of authority and knowledge is seen as something which is transmitted by the teacher. However, most Asian schools and students seem to be positive about adapting to PBL. The effectiveness of PBL is being seriously studied. Newer learning approaches are also under development.