EFFECTS OF SEED WEIGHT AND RATE OF EMERGENCE ON EARLY GROWTH OF OPEN-POLLINATED DOUGLAS-FIR FAMILIES

Seed weight, time of emergence, and three measures of seedling size were recorded for 39 open-pollinated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) families in order to assess family variation in seed weight and emergence, and the influence of these seed traits on early growth. Families were planted both as ungerminated seed and as recent germinants to test whether using germinants minimized seed effects on early growth. To evaluate the effect of competition on the relationships of seed weight and rate of emergence to seedling size, individuals of families were planted in mixed-family blocks at close spacing, in single (pure) family blocks at close spacing, and at a wide, noncompetitive spacing. Families differed significantly in seed weight, total percent emergence, and rate of emergence. Nevertheless, correlations of seed weight to rate of emergence, and seed weight and rate of emergence to seedling size were not strong. Using germinants was ineffective in diminishing seed effects, and interfamily competition had only a minor influence on magnifying seed effects.