A low-mismatched instrumentation amplifier for ECG front-end readout circuit

This study develops an instrumentation amplifier for ECG signal acquisition. The input terminals shift the dc level of the ECG signal from around ground into the operating region of the amplification circuit. Input signals are amplified using a circuit that is comprises a type II positive current conveyor. The two-differential output signals are then converted to a single-ended signal in the second amplification stage. Gain setting uses independent ratios for resistors so the matching requirement for components in different groups is less stringent. The system is fabricated using CMOS 0.18-μ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mu $$\end{document}m technology and the active area occupies 0.079 mm2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$^2$$\end{document}. The power output is 21.94 mW and the gain ranges from 423  to 729 V/V within a bandwidth of 136 Hz.