3D vision accelerates laparoscopic proficiency and skills are transferable to 2D conditions: A randomized trial

Background: Laparoscopy is difficult to master, in part because surgeons operate in a three-dimensional (3D) space guided by two- dimensional (2D) images. This trial explores the effect of 3D vision during a laparoscopic training program, and examine whether it is possible to transfer skills acquired with 3D conditions to 2D conditions. Methods: We designed a randomized controlled trial where residents (n = 34) were randomized to proficiency-based laparoscopic simulator training under either 3D or 2D conditions. Subsequently, participants completed a retention test under 2D conditions. Results: Mean training time were reduced in the intervention group; 231 min versus 323 min; P = 0.012. There was no significant difference in the mean times to completion of the retention test; 92 min versus 95 min; P = 0.85. Conclusion: 3D vision reduced time to proficiency on a virtual-reality laparoscopy simulator. Furthermore, skills learned with 3D vision can be transferred to 2D vision conditions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.