Improving Gd-doped ceria electrolytes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Gadolinia-doped ceria electrolyte is being investigated as an alternative electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells operating at temperatures below 700 degrees C. Measurements were made to determine the effects that small additions of Ca, Pr and Fe to gadolinia-doped ceria have on the bulk and grain boundary conductivities. These small additions (1-2%) of dopant did not alter the bulk conductivity significantly but resulted in a large increase in the grain boundary conductivity. The grain boundary conductivity was similar for all three electrolyte compositions. These results are explained by the possible formation of second phases at the grain boundary, which can incorporate impurity elements. The electronic conductivity in these electrolyte materials was also evaluated, but it was found that the Ca, Pr and Fe additions do not reduce the electronic conductivity compared to a standard Gd-doped ceria sample.