Elementary students' performance in mathematical reasoning

There are four competences to be mastered by learners in the 21st century: critical thinking and problem-solving, creativity, communication skills, and the ability to work collaboratively. Mathematical reasoning competence plays a crucial role in the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, current studies have not been able to define the actual mathematical reasoning competence of students. The paper and pencil test assessment method still dominates assessment of mathematical reasoning in elementary schools and the questions asked by teachers during assessment tend to be objective. The objective test used encouraged teachers to give similar training to students, as they have to answer questions in this format. To tackle limitations in the current assessment methods and provide teachers with thorough student profiles, performance assessments were conducted. The research subjects were fourth grader students from elementary schools in Tegal, Indonesia. Data was gathered through performance assignments using interpretation and integration methods. Data analysis was performed by a descriptive quantitative method. Research findings showed that students' mathematical reasoning performance was categorized as good but they had particular weaknesses in making and investigating assumptions, and developing arguments.