RETRACTED: MiR-137 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Retracted Article)

Background: The most frequent type of renal cell carcinoma is called clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) which is associated with a poor prognosis. It has been observed that miR-137 is aberrantly expressed in many different kinds of human malignancies including ccRCC. This research aims to examine the role of miR-137 in ccRCC. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to measure miR-137 expression in ccRCC and adjacent noncancerous tissue. Gene expression was determined by western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry and Transwell assay were used to determine the effects of miR-137 on cell growth, apoptosis and invasion, respectively. Moreover, xenograft and pulmonary metastasis animal models were established to investigate the role of miR-137 in vivo. Results: Our findings show that there was significant downregulation of miR-137 in ccRCC tissue relative to corresponding non-cancerous tissue. Ectopic miR-137 expression in ccRCC cells led to suppression of cell growth and invasion, as well as apoptosis induction. In contrast, knockdown of miR-137 enhances proliferation and invasion, inhibits apoptosis. It also confirms that miR-137 plays a tumor supressor role in vivo. Mechanically, miR-137 directly targets the 30-UTR of RLIP76 which is an established oncogene in ccRCC. Conclusion: MiR-137 serves as a tumor suppressor, which can be considered a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC. (c) 2018 Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.