Hardware Design of 8 x 8 and 16 x 16 2D Discrete Cosine Transform with N/2 Equations for Image Compression

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) has remarkable significance in the area of image and video compression due to its energy compaction property. This paper propose a distinct architecture for 8 x 8 and 16 x 16 2D-DCT for compression of images. A method is proposed to reduce the number of equations with the help of high energy compaction property of DCT. In the conventional N point, 1D-DCT requires N number of equations for the transformation, by using high energy compaction property, only N/2 equations are required to perform the task. Proposed architecture reduces the arithmetic complexity. Further, it exhibits low power consumption with less area requirement. The proposed 2D-DCT is synthesized in XC3S700AN and XC6VLX75T devices, and the simulation results are compared with conventional 2D-DCT. The quality of the reconstructed image is evaluated by peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The obtained result shows the 75% reduction in the number of pixels required to store the image.