Perspectives on Li-ion battery categories for electric vehicle applications: A review of state of the art

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in the market, and are continuously improving, given their numerous benefits. Choosing the best materials for the cathode is fundamental for optimal battery pack projects. Lithium batteries using nickel cobalt aluminum and nickel manganese cobalt have technology that is already well consolidated within the market. However, some state-of-the-art research describes important technological advances in lithium-ion stores with lithium iron phosphate oxide and lithium titanate oxide. These have numerous advantages that can improve electric vehicle performance. Different battery technologies were analyzed in this paper, providing a guideline for lithium-ion battery manufacturers. Previous evaluations on niobium batteries are also presented, analyzing comparative perspectives with lithium-ion batteries. Advances in cutting edge knowledge show that niobium is a promising metal for use in lithium-ion batteries. Niobium-doped batteries have shown good conductivity at low temperatures and high energy density compared with other lithium-ion storage systems. This study encourages researchers to further develop research on lithium-ion batteries using a comparative study.