Randomized controlled trial of a well-being intervention in cardiac patients

Objective: Positive psychological well-being interventions have demonstrated promise in improving both psychological and physical health-related outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but evidence of the efficacy of these interventions with individuals with CAD is limited. As such, we developed an eight-week group-based intervention targeting eudaimonic aspects of psychological well-being in a randomized pilot trial. The primary aims of the trial were feasibility and acceptability, and we also explored the intervention's effectiveness on psychological outcomes. Method: Participants were 40 CAD outpatients randomly assigned to the intervention (n=20) or an attention-matched control group (n= 20). Feasibility was measured by rates of group session attendance and homework completion, and acceptability was assessed through participant ratings of intervention activities. Additional study outcomes, compared between groups, included psychological well-being, optimism, depression, and positive and negative affect. Results: The intervention met a priori criteria for feasibility and acceptability. The intervention was also associated with greater improvements in psychological well-being (beta=-16.90; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=-23.36, -10.44; p<.001, ES=1.65), optimism (beta=-8.80; 95% CI=11.17, -6.43; t=-7.41; p<.001; ES=2.34), and depression (beta=26.45; 95% CI=20.97, 31.93; p<.001) immediately post-intervention, with sustained effects six weeks later. Conclusions: These results indicate that the intervention was feasible, well-accepted, and effective in improving clinically relevant psychological outcomes in individuals with CAD. Future work should seek to replicate this work and assess general health-related and cardiac health-specific outcomes.