Border effects in European public procurement

In this paper, we document border effects in the award of public contracts in the European single market. We use a dataset of 1.8 million contract awards, which we match to geolocations to estimate a gravity model of procurement flows between European NUTS3 region pairs. We find very sizable cross-national border effects for all types of goods and services, even after controlling for physical distance, currency, cultural differences and other variables. For example, 'local' bidders for IT services contracts are almost 250 times more likely to be awarded a contract than 'foreign' bidders. More surprisingly, we find substantial cross-regional border effects within countries. While we document that firms' bidding decisions are subject to border effects, we cannot exclude a home bias of contracting authorities in the award of public contracts.