Evaluating communication competency of tour guides using a modified importance-performance analysis (MIPA)

Purpose - The purpose of this research is to evaluate the communication competency of tour guides using a modified importance-performance analysis (MIPA). Tour guides are cultural ambassadors of a country; their communication skills can make or break tourists' experiences with guided tours and memories of a destination. Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 387 professional tour guides representing 38 per cent of all tour guides in Antalya, Turkey. The study further performs factor analysis using 32 communication competency items to determine underlying performance dimensions. This is followed by an MIPA to statistically identify the gap between factors that tour guides consider important and their perceptions of how they perform on these factors. Findings - The study reveals that tour guides need improvement in verbal skills such as grammar, manner of speech and choice of words, as well as non-verbal behaviors such as approachability and the ability to remain friendly while maintaining a certain personal space. Research limitations/implications - Due to the nature of this study and certain time limitations, the most effective method proved to be collecting data from a convenient sample of tour guides during their annual workshop. The theory of behavioral communication competency details theoretical and practical implications. Practical implications - The study findings provide tour operators and the Association of Professional Tour Guides with a platform from which they can launch educational seminars and workshops to enhance tour guides' communication competency. Originality/value - The study contributes two main findings: This research provides a first-of-its-kind examination of professional tour guides' communication competency using MIPA. The study improves the efficacy of traditional importance-performance analysis (IPA) models by enhancing them with a gap analysis through a t-test and effect size analysis including a gap analysis takes the arbitrariness out of the process of determining the location of items within the IPA grid. Tourism service providers can use these findings to offer educational seminars that can increase the skill sets of tour guides.