One-year Clinical Evaluation of Resin Composite Restorations of Noncarious Cervical Lesions in Smokers

Purpose: To evaluate the one-year clinical performance of composite restorations in noncarious cervical lesions placed in smoking and non-smokers using a multimode adhesive system with two adhesive strategies. Materials and Methods: Among the selected cervical lesions, four experimental groups were formed based on the patients' smoking habit and bonding strategies with a multimode adhesive system (n = 38): G1: etch-and-rinse in non-smokers; G2: selective enamel etching in non-smokers; G3: etch-and-rinse in smokers; G4: selective enamel etching in smokers. The restorations were paired, ie, each patient received at least two restorations. A nanofilled resin composite was applied and light cured incrementally in all groups by one operator. Two calibrated examiners evaluated the restorations at baseline, 6 and 12 months after placement. The modified USPHS criteria were used for evaluation. Data were analyzed using the chi-square (for associations between groups) and McNemar tests. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between groups for the criteria of retention, marginal discoloration, color match, marginal integrity, or sensitivity after 6 and 12 months. The assessments over time showed a statistically significant difference only for marginal discoloration at 12 months for groups 1, 3, and 4 when compared to baseline (p = 0.031). There were no statistical differences for any criteria evaluated among smokers and non-smokers, except for color match, where a difference was found after the baseline evaluation. Regarding the adhesive strategy, etch-and-rinse resulted in a clinical performance similar to that of selective enamel etching over 12 months. Conclusion: Neither cigarette smoking habit nor adhesive strategy influenced the clinical performance of resin composite cervical restorations over the first year.