Osteotomy around the knee: Assessment of quality, content and readability of online information

Background: As knee osteotomy surgery becomes increasingly accessible, more patients may turn to the Internet for information. This study examined the source, quality, content and readability of online information regarding osteotomy around the knee. Methods: The first 70 websites returned by the top four search engines were identified using the key words: "knee osteotomy" and "high tibial osteotomy." The websites were categorised by type and assessed using the DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and a novel Knee Osteotomy-Specific Score (KOSS). The presence of the Health On the Net (HON) code accreditation seal was noted. Readability of each website was assessed using eight readability formulae. The mean reading grade level (RGL) was compared to the 6th and 8th grade reading levels. The mean RGL of each category was also compared. Results: Of the 45 unique websites analysed, the majority were Physician (33%) and Journal websites (31%). The mean DISCERN score was 36.7 (+/- 8.9) which is classified as 'poor.' The mean JAMA benchmark criteria score was 2.04 (+/- 1.5) and Physician websites were most likely to be scored zero. The mean KOSS was 15.4 (+/- 5.7). The highest scoring website was a Commercial site but, overall, Journal category sites provided the best quality information. Websites that bore the HONcode seal obtained higher DISCERN, JAMA benchmark criteria and Knee Osteotomy - Specific Scores. The cumulative mean RGL was 13.2 (+/- 2.2) which exceeded the 6th grade level by an average of 7.2 grade levels and the 8th grade level by an average of 5.2 grade levels. No website (0%) was written at or below either the 6th or the 8th grade reading levels. The mean Flesch Reading Ease Score of all websites was 41.13 (+/- 14.7) which is classified as 'difficult.' Journal websites had the highest RGL. Conclusion: The information available online regarding osteotomy around the knee varies tremendously in quality and completeness. Physician sites predominate, but these were among the lowest scoring of all websites. Even where high quality information is available, it is set at too high a level to be easily understood. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.