Comparative study between local anesthesia and general anesthesia in the treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax

Background: There is increasing interest in non-intubated video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). At present, this method is used in various types of thoracic surgery. Especially, simple wedge resection via VATS is thought to be an optimal indication of non-intubated VATS. This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of VATS bullectomy under local anesthesia by comparison with bullectomy under general anesthesia. Methods: A total of 183 cases of wedge resection under general anesthesia and 52 cases of wedge resection under local anesthesia were examined. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to assess the feasibility, usability, and cost effectiveness of wedge resection under local anesthesia. The preoperative clinical parameters, including age, sex, and the number of pneumothorax episodes and previous operations, were used to match cases and controls. Results: There were no significant differences between the local and general anesthesia groups in operative time (57.5 +/- 23.1 and 56.6 +/- 25.6 min, respectively; P=0.857), type of operation [single-incision thoracoscopic surgery (SITS), n=48 and n=47, respectively; multi-port-VATS (M-VATS), n=4 and n=5, respectively; P=0.730], or chest tube indwelling time (3.6 +/- 1.5 and 4.4 +/- 2.5 days, respectively; P=0.064). The mean times from arrival at the operating room (OR) to skin incision (16.4 +/- 12.3 and 46.4 +/- 17.2 min, respectively; P<0.001), and from the end of surgery to arrival at the general ward (36.0 +/- 25.6 and 58.1 +/- 20.9 min, respectively; P<0.001) were significantly shorter in the local anesthesia group than the general anesthesia group. The total cost was significantly lower in the local anesthesia group than in the general anesthesia group (4,890.6 +/- 717.1 and 5,739.1 +/- 1,154.6, respectively; P<0.001). Conclusions: Local anesthesia shortened the overall hospital stay by reducing the interval between admission and surgery, allowing immediate ambulation after surgery. In addition, this method reduced costs by avoiding the need for anesthesia.