Effect of grain crushing on 1D compression and 1D creep behavior of sand at high stresses

The effect of grain crushing on the deformation of sand in ID compression and ID creep at high stresses was investigated theoretically and experimentally. An approach was proposed to formulate the process of grain crushing in sand in accordance with the laws of fracture mechanics and energy conservation. With this approach, the relation between the void ratio and the amount of grains crushed in ID compression was derived. Laboratory test data were used to verify this derived relation. In addition, it was observed that there are similarities in evolution of grain size distribution in ID compression and ID creep tests. This implies that the changes in microstructure in sand under ID compression and ID creep are comparable.