Underwater explosion in centrifuge part I: Validation and calibration of scaling laws

Centrifuge is a promising tool for underwater explosion (UNDEX) research as both Mach and Froude similitudes could be satisfied with hyper-gravity in models, which would result in similarities in both shock wave and bubble oscillation. Scaling laws for UNDEX in centrifuge have been proposed based on dimensional analysis. Two dimensionless numbers, i.e., pi(3) and pi(4), are used to characterize shock wave and bubble oscillation, respectively. To validate scaling laws, 17 UNDEX tests are designed by varying accelerations or explosive weights and positions in centrifuge. The tests are classified into different groups to validate scaling laws as well as calibrate coefficients in empirical formulae for both shock wave and bubble oscillation. The results show that changes of gravity acceleration or hydrodynamic pressure almost has no influence on shock wave peak pressure and time constant as long as pi(3) is constant. The dimensionless bubble period and maximum radius agreed with each other when pi(4) is constant. Based on the research, an example is exhibited to suggest method for the computation of initial loading conditions for a submerged obstacle subjected to UNDEX.