Areas covered: This review summarizes TLR9 signaling and the impact of TLR9 agonists on the immune response. The most recent experimental and clinical data are analyzed as well as the development of new TLR9 agonists in current clinical trials. Expert opinion: Application of TLR9 agonists, in particular, combination strategies with chemo- or radiotherapy seem a promising and efficient immunotherapeutic approach in cancer patients even with refractory disease. Simultaneous application of TLR9 agonists aims at supporting the patient's immune response and overcoming specific immunosuppressant strategies developed by tumors. Combinatory approaches of the future might also seek for synergism of TLR9 agonists with other immunomodulatory strategies such as B-cell activation using the CD40--CD40L system.
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Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York Branch, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, New York, NY 10021 USANYU, Sch Med, Langone Med Ctr, Inst Canc, New York, NY 10016 USA
Gnjatic, Sacha
Sawhney, Nikhil B.
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Newark Acad, Livingston, NJ USANYU, Sch Med, Langone Med Ctr, Inst Canc, New York, NY 10016 USA
Sawhney, Nikhil B.
Bhardwaj, Nina
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NYU, Sch Med, Langone Med Ctr, Inst Canc, New York, NY 10016 USANYU, Sch Med, Langone Med Ctr, Inst Canc, New York, NY 10016 USA
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Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisee Ligue Natl Canc 11, Paris, France
Univ Paris 11, Paris, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Aranda, Fernando
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Vacchelli, Erika
Obrist, Florine
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机构:
Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisee Ligue Natl Canc 11, Paris, France
Univ Paris 11, Paris, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Obrist, Florine
Eggermont, Alexander
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Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Eggermont, Alexander
Galon, Jerome
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INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France
Univ Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Lab Integrat Canc Immunol, Paris, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Galon, Jerome
Sautes-Fridman, Catherine
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INSERM, UMRS1138, Paris, France
Univ Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
Univ Paris 06, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Equipe 13, Paris, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Sautes-Fridman, Catherine
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Cremer, Isabelle
ter Meulen, Jan Henrik
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Immune Design, Seattle, WA USAGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
ter Meulen, Jan Henrik
Zitvogel, Laurence
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Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Zitvogel, Laurence
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Kroemer, Guido
Galluzzi, Lorenzo
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Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisee Ligue Natl Canc 11, Paris, France
Univ Paris 05, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, FranceGustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Univ Paris 05, Paris, France
Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Galluzzi, Lorenzo
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Vacchelli, Erika
Eggermont, Alexander
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Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Eggermont, Alexander
Fridman, Wolf Herve
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Univ Paris 05, Paris, France
INSERM, U872, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Paris, France
Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP HP, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Fridman, Wolf Herve
Galon, Jerome
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris 05, Paris, France
INSERM, U872, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Paris, France
Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP HP, Paris, France
Univ Paris 06, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Galon, Jerome
Sautes-Fridman, Catherine
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h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Paris 05, Paris, France
Ctr Rech Cordeliers, Paris, France
Univ Paris 06, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Sautes-Fridman, Catherine
Tartour, Eric
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机构:
INSERM, U872, Paris, France
Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, AP HP, Paris, France
INSERM, U970, Paris, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France
Tartour, Eric
Zitvogel, Laurence
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机构:
Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
INSERM, U1015, CICBT507, Villejuif, FranceUniv Paris 05, Paris, France