One-dimensional x-ray microscope for shock measurements in high-density aluminum plasmas

Accurate experimental measurements of the equation of state for strongly coupled plasmas (Gamma greater than or equal to 1), relevant to astrophysical, geologic and inertial confinement fusion applications, have been extremely difficult. In this pursuit, we have designed a one-dimensional dual-crystal x-ray microscope for making high-resolution measurements of shocks launched by laser pulses in high-density aluminum plasmas. Optical ray-tracing analysis of the design is presented including effects of surface aberrations. The spherically bent mica crystals are arranged at near normal incidence to operate at energies of 1.35 and 4.75 keV using the second and seventh order reflections, respectively. With a magnification of 45X, the microscope's spatial resolution is predicted to be better than 2 mu m when coupled to an x-ray streak camera. The addition of a grazing-incidence optic perpendicular to the imaging direction partially compensates astigmatism. This compensation provides an increase in collection efficiency at the streak camera slit by a factor of similar to 15. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics.[S0034-6748(99)62401-7].