Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fusion Targeted Biopsy to Detect Significant Prostate Cancer

Background/Aim: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging combined with ultrasound-fusion-targeted biopsy of the prostate intends to increase diagnostic precision, which has to be clarified. Patients and Methods: We performed multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging followed by ultrasound-fusion-guided perineal biopsy in 99 male patients with elevated prostate-specific-antigen and previous negative standard biopsy-procedures. Results: In 33/99 patients (33%) no malignancy could be confirmed by histopathology. Low-grade carcinomas (Gleason-Score 6+7a) were found in 42/66 (64%) and high-grade carcinomas (Gleason-Score >= 7b) in 24/66 (36%) men. A high-grade carcinoma corresponded to PI-RADS 4 or 5 (suspected malignancy) in 21/24 cases, which accounted for a sensitivity of 88% and negative-predictive-value of 85% (p= 0.002). Differentiation between high-/low-grade carcinomas (Gleason-Score <= 7a vs. >= 7b) by means of PI-RADS related to a sensitivity of 88% and a negative-predictive-value of 70% (p= 0.74). Conclusion: The results support the view that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound-fusion-guided biopsy promotes considerably higher detection rates of clinically relevant prostate malignancies than do conventional diagnostic procedures. With regard to differentiation between high-and low-grade carcinomas, no significant difference was demonstrated.