NDVI-based land-cover change detection using harmonic analysis

This study presents a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based land-cover change detection method based on harmonic analysis. Multi-temporal NDVI data show seasonal variation characteristics in the time domain. A harmonic model represents the characterization of the temporal variability in a data set over a local region corresponding to a pixel through its harmonic components. In this research, annual land-cover change detection is performed by tracking the temporal dynamics through analysing harmonic components. A simple but effective noise reduction process is also proposed to provide the necessary high-quality data stream for the multi-temporal NDVI analysis based on the statistics of the observed oscillations. The proposed algorithm was tested and evaluated with the multi-temporal Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI time series of the MYD13Q1, 16 day L3 global 250 m SIN grid (v005) VI data set. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm provides a computationally inexpensive automatic method to monitor vegetation conditions and long-term land-cover change over large regions. The method described here is particularly useful for monitoring changes in well-established deciduous forests with developed canopies.