A two-stage hybrid robust-stochastic day-ahead scheduling of transactive microgrids considering the possibility of main grid disconnection

The interconnected transactive MGs (ITMGs) concept is an efficient way for economical operation of MGs. For power systems under the danger of stochastic disasters, a priority should be given to the resiliency enhancement of these ITMGs to have the highest restoration in the times of disconnection from the main grid. This paper introduces a two-stage hybrid stochastic programming/robust optimization (SP/RO) day-ahead scheduling of ITMGs that takes into account the possibility of disconnection from the main grid for several hours. The proposed resiliency-oriented scheduling in this paper is a two-stage mixed-integer linear optimization problem and aims to reduce the operation cost of the whole ITMG. Furthermore, the excess power can be traded among MGs apart from the available power of renewable resources, dispatched power of storage and dispatchable units, and demand response programs. Thus, this scheduling needs to consider the optimal hourly transactive energy among the MGs in both normal and grid disconnected modes of the ITMG. The load curtailment and demand response programs are the last options for maintaining the balance in the conventional structure of MGs that this paper utilizes for ITMG. Obtained results showed that load curtailment of the ITMG is limited by the implementation of transactive energy between MGs. Furthermore, the reduction in renewable and dispatchable generation capacity and their impact on transactive energy and demand response programs during resiliency is discussed. Also, to enhance the conservativeness and to consider the worst cases in this scheduling, the uncertainties in the start time of the islanding and its duration are considered in the problem.