Cell Coverage Analysis for High-speed Railway Communication Systems with Hard Handoff

In this paper, the coverage analysis for the highspeed railway communication system with hard handoff is investigated. In the system, the base stations (BSs) are deployed along the railway track, two directional antennas are installed on each BS to enlarge coverage area, and thus the narrow-strip-shaped cells are generated to coverage the system. By considering the hard handoff, the relationship between the edge coverage probability (ECP) and the cell radius is derived. Moreover, given the ECP and the cell radius, the theoretical expression for the percentage of cell coverage area is derived, which is expressed as the ECP plus a positive increment. The existing expressions and results for coverage analysis in literature are all special cases of the expressions derived in this paper. Numerical results show that the derived theoretical results match simulation results very well, which indicates that the correctness of the derived theoretical expressions. Compared to the system without handoff, the derived coverage performance in this paper can be significantly improved. Moreover, the impacts of the cell radius, transmit power, hard handoff hysteresis, path loss exponent, and shadow fading on the coverage performance are also provided.