Does Adoption of Biofortification Increase Return on Investment? Evidence from Wheat Farmers in China

Biofortification is a new agricultural intervention to alleviate hidden hunger in China and even the world. Exploring the impact of farmers' adoption of biofortification on return on investment (ROI), which is calculated from farmers' production net income and profitability, can provide empirical support for the development of sustainable agriculture. This paper examines the impact of the adoption of biofortification on ROI using cross-sectional data from a survey of farmers in China. An endogenous switching regression model that accounts for selection bias was used in the research. The empirical results revealed that the adoption of biofortification has a positive and statistically significant impact on ROI. A heterogeneity analysis also revealed that comparatively high annual income adopters and female adopters tend to benefit more from the adoption of biofortification than middle- and low-income adopters and male adopters.