The type A trichothecenes T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) are hazardous Fusarium products that contaminate many field crops growing in cold to temperate regions across the world. Toxicity studies in laboratory and farm animals have been used to derive a temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) for the sum of T-2 and HT-2 of no more than 60 ng/kg body weight. To protect the consumers, it is now necessary to screen a large number of food samples for the presence of these poisonous fungal metabolites. Towards that goal, we discovered that the transcriptional apparatus of a human carcinoma cell line (MCF7) provides a sensitive biological sensor of type A trichothecenes. In fact, exposure of this easy-to-culture cell line to T-2 or HT-2 results in the regulation of >2,000 different transcripts with expression changes ranging from >5,000-fold gene inductions to >40-fold gene repressions. These transcriptional responses have been exploited to develop practical microchip and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of type A trichothecenes at parts per billion levels.
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Univ Groningen RUG, Univ Med Ctr Groningen UMCG, European Res Inst Biol Ageing ERIBA, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
Azienda Osped Univ Maggiore Carita, Univ Eastern Piedmont, Dept Translat Med, Div Oncol, Novara, ItalyUniv Groningen RUG, Univ Med Ctr Groningen UMCG, European Res Inst Biol Ageing ERIBA, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
Varughese, Feba Mariam
Demaria, Marco
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Univ Groningen RUG, Univ Med Ctr Groningen UMCG, European Res Inst Biol Ageing ERIBA, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, NetherlandsUniv Groningen RUG, Univ Med Ctr Groningen UMCG, European Res Inst Biol Ageing ERIBA, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, NL-9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
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Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
Moos, Philip
Cheminant, Jenna
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Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
Cheminant, Jenna
Adhikari, Ujjwal
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Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
Adhikari, Ujjwal
Venosa, Alessandro
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Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USAUniv Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA