Electronic network modeling of rechargeable batteries - I. The nickel and cadmium electrodes

This work introduces electronic network modeling as a new way of simulating battery behavior. Mathematical descriptions are given for the Ni and Cd electrode charge/discharge reactions. These mathematical descriptions are subsequently introduced in the form of electronic components, combined in an electronic network. The advantage of this way of modeling is that it provides a compact electronic model of a battery, which can be used in any electronic-circuit simulation, providing a tool to develop new battery-management systems. In addition, due to the discretization of the electrochemical reactions into separate electronic components, local currents and over potentials occurring in the system can be studied. This information can be used to investigate the origin of certain battery behavior.