The aim of the paper is to shed light on the role played by regional knowledge bases in Industry 3.0 in fostering new technologies in Industry 4.0 in European regions (NUTS 3) over the period 1991-2015. We find that 4.0 technologies appear to be quite related to 3.0 technologies, with some heterogeneity among different technology fields. The paper investigates the geographical implications. We find that the probability of developing Industry 4.0 technologies is higher in regions that are specialized in Industry 3.0 technologies. However, other types of knowledge bases also sustain regional diversification in Industry 4.0 technologies.
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Univ Foggia, Dipartimento Sci Agr Alimenti & Ambiente, Via Napoli 25, I-71100 Foggia, ItalyUniv Foggia, Dipartimento Sci Agr Alimenti & Ambiente, Via Napoli 25, I-71100 Foggia, Italy
Muscio, Alessandro
Ciffolilli, Andrea
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ISMERI Europa Srl, Multidisciplinary Res Inst, Rome, ItalyUniv Foggia, Dipartimento Sci Agr Alimenti & Ambiente, Via Napoli 25, I-71100 Foggia, Italy