Cognitive training programs in schizophrenic patients: on the efficacy of two computer-aided training programs compared to a paper-pencil version

Background: For more than a decade, computer-aided training for schizophrenic patients has been in widespread use. However, regarding its efficacy, only few studies exist. Objective: In a controlled clinical study two computer training programs incorporating different levels of feedback for the participants were compared with a paper-pencil approach regarding their, efficacy at reducing cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients. Methods: Sample size was N = 48, number of sessions was 18 for each of the three training conditions. For the assessment of changes in performance a combination of different tests, all well established in Germany; were-given at study entry and completion. In addition, during the treatment phase patients gave judgments of the training programs and self ratings of their mood on a set of scales. Results:,The training programs received good marks from the patients, who also gave mood ratings in terms of positive changes. With regard to performance cognitive training was associated with 9 improvements from pre- to posttesting, without substantial differences between the three training approaches. Sociodemographic variables did not seem to influence the degree of improvement. Conclusions: Cognitive training is suitable for the remediation of cognitive deficits in schizophrenic patients independent of the kind of the training method used (paper-pencil or computer). Several practical reasons for the preference of computer-aided training in clinical practice are discussed.