Zoning Effect on the Capacity and Placement Planning for Battery Exchange Stations in Battery Consolidation Systems

The concept of the battery exchange station (BES) as a part of the battery consolidation system (BCS) has certain criteria which makes it a significant player of better adaptation plan of electric vehicles (EVs) in the grid toward the smart grid (SG). In this paper, we focus on finding an efficient joint capacity and placement planning of BESs among candidate zones and exchange decisions of EV drivers at a BCS (CPPED) with the aim of minimizing the implementation cost of BESs placement, the distance traveled by EVs to exchange their batteries, and the waiting time of EVs at the BESs subject to the limitation on the number of BESs in the system. The formulated multi-objective optimization problem is non-convex with a combination of binary and continues variables which introduces a disjoint feasible solution set. To have a polynomial time complexity solution, we employ abstract Lagrangian duality and maximization-minimization methods to handle the binary variables. Our proposed method reaches to a robust solution of joint CPPED problem. Through simulation results, we investigate the effect of the number of zones and number of BESs on the performance of the proposed method for addressing the CPPED problem. Our numerical results show that increasing the number of zones and maximum number of BESs have significant effects on optimizing the CPPED problem, however after some certain points, their effects are less significant.