The roles of photooxidation and biodegradation in long-term weathering of crude and heavy fuel oils

Although spilled oil is subject to a range of natural processes, only combustion, photooxidation and biodegradation destroy hydrocarbons and remove them from the biosphere. We present laboratory data that demonstrate the molecular preferences of these processes, and then examine some oil residues collected from previously documented releases to confirm the important roles that these processes play in removing spilled oil from both marine and terrestrial environments. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.