Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems

被引：1831

作者：

Makarova, Kira S. ^{[1
]}

Haft, Daniel H. ^{[2
]}

Barrangou, Rodolphe ^{[3
]}

Brouns, Stan J. J. ^{[4
]}

Charpentier, Emmanuelle ^{[5
]}

Horvath, Philippe ^{[6
]}

Moineau, Sylvain ^{[7
]}

Mojica, Francisco J. M. ^{[8
]}

Wolf, Yuri I. ^{[1
]}

Yakunin, Alexander F. ^{[9
]}

van der Oost, John ^{[4
]}

Koonin, Eugene V. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA

[2] J Craig Venter Inst, Rockville, MD 20850 USA

[3] Danisco USA Inc, Madison, WI 53716 USA

[4] Wageningen Univ, Microbiol Lab, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, Netherlands

[5] Umea Univ, Lab Mol Infect Med Sweden, Umea Ctr Microbial Res, Dept Mol Biol, S-90187 Umea, Sweden

[6] Danisco France SAS, F-86220 Dange St Romain, France

[7] Univ Laval, Dept Biochim Microbiol & Bioinformat, Fac Sci & Genie, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada

[8] Univ Alicante, Dept Fisiol Genet & Microbiol, E-03080 Alicante, Spain

[9] Univ Toronto, Banting & Best Dept Med Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1L6, Canada

来源：

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY | 2011年 / 9卷 / 06期

基金：

瑞典研究理事会; 美国国家卫生研究院;

关键词：

PROVIDES ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; REPEATS CRISPRS; SMALL RNA; DNA; BACTERIA; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; ARCHAEA;

D O I：

10.1038/nrmicro2577

中图分类号：

Q93 [微生物学];

学科分类号：

071005 ; 100705 ;

摘要：

The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated proteins) modules are adaptive immunity systems that are present in many archaea and bacteria. These defence systems are encoded by operons that have an extraordinarily diverse architecture and a high rate of evolution for both the cas genes and the unique spacer content. Here, we provide an updated analysis of the evolutionary relationships between CRISPR-Cas systems and Cas proteins. Three major types of CRISPR-Cas system are delineated, with a further division into several subtypes and a few chimeric variants. Given the complexity of the genomic architectures and the extremely dynamic evolution of the CRISPR-Cas systems, a unified classification of these systems should be based on multiple criteria. Accordingly, we propose a 'polythetic' classification that integrates the phylogenies of the most common cas genes, the sequence and organization of the CRISPR repeats and the architecture of the CRISPR-cas loci.

引用

页码：467 / 477

页数：11

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