Bladder cancer stem cell research is rapidly expanding based on the knowledge of cancer stem cells from various cancer types and normal stem cells as models. In various cancer types, cancer stem cells have been implicated in therapeutic resistance and relapse after initial therapy. Understanding how cancer stem cells differ from bulk cancer cells and how cancer stem cells contribute to relapse and resistance are essential to develop novel therapeutics to target cancer stem cells effectively. Here we review the latest information on bladder cancer stem cells, their biological characteristics, including their response to treatment, recurrence, immune context and technical problems encountered in bladder cancer stem cell research.
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Ist Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, ItalyIst Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
Maugeri-Sacca, Marcello
Zeuner, Ann
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Ist Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, ItalyIst Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
Zeuner, Ann
De Maria, Ruggero
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Ist Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
Mediterranean Inst Oncol, Catania, ItalyIst Super Sanita, Dept Hematol Oncol & Mol Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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Univ York, YCR Canc Res Unit, Dept Biol, York YO1 5YW, N Yorkshire, EnglandUniv York, YCR Canc Res Unit, Dept Biol, York YO1 5YW, N Yorkshire, England
Maitland, Norman J.
Collins, Anne T.
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Univ York, YCR Canc Res Unit, Dept Biol, York YO1 5YW, N Yorkshire, EnglandUniv York, YCR Canc Res Unit, Dept Biol, York YO1 5YW, N Yorkshire, England
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Cent S Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R ChinaCent S Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China
Yang, Chunguang
Jin, Kunlin
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Univ N Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Neurosci, Ft Worth, TX USACent S Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China
Jin, Kunlin
Tong, Yangping
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Changsha Cent Hosp, Dept Neurol, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R ChinaCent S Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China
Tong, Yangping
Cho, William Chi
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Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Dept Clin Oncol, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaCent S Univ, Dept Otorhinolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Xiangya Hosp, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China