A brief history of artificial intelligence

For more than a decade, we have witnessed an acceleration in the development and the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In medicine, it impacts clinical and fundamental research, hospital practices, medical examinations, hospital care or logistics. These in turn contribute to improvements in diagnostics and prognostics, and to improvements in personalised and targeted medicine, advanced observation and analysis technologies, or surgery and other assistance robots. Many challenges in AI and medicine, such as data digitalisation, medical data privacy, algorithm explicability, inclusive AI system development or their reproducibility, have to be tackled in order to build the confidence of medical practitioners in these technologies. This will be possible by mastering the key concepts via a brief history of artificial intelligence.