Nucleation of diamond films by ECR-enhanced microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

A novel nucleation technique based on electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma was developed to enhance the nucleation of diamond. By choosing a suitable experimental condition, a nucleation density higher than 10(8) nuclei cm(-2) was achieved on an untreated, mirror-polished silicon substrate. Uniform diamond films were obtained by combining this nucleation method with subsequent growth by the common microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Furthermore, the possibility of this new nucleation method to generate heteroepitaxial diamond nuclei on (001) silicon substrates was explored. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.