Simulating Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tunnels with the Consideration of Evolution of Grouting Pressure

Synchronous grouting is one key procedure to backfill the construction gap and control the ground subsidence. The grouting pressure and grout properties are key construction factors that dominate the consequence of synchronous grouting. To investigate the effect of these factors, a novel framework to simulate the process of synchronous grouting is proposed in this paper. The framework is formulated based on finite element theory and incorporates new developments, including (i) a detail evolution law of grouting pressure and its distribution in the cross section and (ii) an improved definition of the hardening law of grouts. The performance of the proposed framework is illustrated via a hypothetical simulation test. Both the upheaval at the initial synchronous grouting and the followed settlement could be clearly described.