Phased array technologies for next-generation space based radar

The challenges and requirements that make Earth-observing Phased Array Antenna (PAA) designs for Space Based Radar (SBR) applications different from those for ground and airborne radar systems are discussed. These challenges include both electrical design issues impacting RF performance and mechanical/environmental issues affecting system reliability. Design trades necessary to meet those requirements are illustrated with a case study of a typical SBR antenna design. This discussion explains methods for trading design parameters to minimize cost and mass while maximizing performance and efficiency. The current state-of-the-art in critical phased array components (including radiators, transmit/receive modules, and time delay units) is documented, and future trends in the performance and cost of those components are discussed. Advanced manufacturing technologies that are critical for reducing component and integration costs are discussed. A recent example is presented showing how these advanced components and manufacturing techniques yielded a lightweight and efficient PAA design suitable for use in an SBR system.