Careers and academic research collaborations: An inductive process framework for understanding successful collaborations

We use a two-stage process to inductively develop a framework to understand the mechanisms that influence academic research collaborations. First, we draw on the research collaboration experiences of three distinguished careers researchers to develop a process framework. The framework outlines the phases for the project from initiation through to completion, highlighting the relevant factors for each phase such as collaborator motivations, nature and scope of the project, roles and activities, as well as project outcomes. Two sets of factors emerged as affecting the phases of collaboration: (1) collaborative context and (2) interpersonal collaborative processes. Context refers to the resources, support, and climate in which the collaboration occurs, while interpersonal collaborative processes refer to communication, trust, and attraction among collaborators. The second stage of the investigation sought the collaborative experiences from another eight research collaborators. The collaborators were diverse-residing in five different countries and at different stages in their careers. Their descriptions provide some qualitative evidence for the framework. The framework provides concrete suggestions for how to build and maintain academic collaborative relationships. Implications and questions for further research into the collaborative process and context are also provided. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.